名词性从句讲解_名词性从句讲解ppt课件
- 手游频道
- 2024-11-18 10:15
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定语从句语法讲解
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
名词性从句讲解_名词性从句讲解ppt课件
名词性从句讲解_名词性从句讲解ppt课件
名词性从句讲解_名词性从句讲解ppt课件
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.如“The man”、“The book”.如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸” 这就是一个定语从句.
代词的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致.1,who, whom, that这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.(whom在从句中作宾语)
注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;whom在定语从句中指人,做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略.2,which、that 用来指物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had nr appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which/that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which/that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which/that在从句中作宾语)
“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语.
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]
2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置.
3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略;
c)被形容词修饰时;既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“wh”行
关系副词:在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/…… which(介词同先行词搭配)
1. “where”是关系代词,当然也不用“that”.
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期.
I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我次见到她的地方.
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress., soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出都带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西.
2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, soming, anything, rything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头.
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话.
分作进一步说明,通常是词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.
编辑本段关系副词的用法及说明关系副词why关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语.如:
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来.
She didn’t l me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因.
与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略.如:
That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一.
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒.
误:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.
正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词when关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语.如:
There comes a time when you he to make a cho. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了.
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点.
注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就用when;如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用when,而要用that, which等.如:
Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间.
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略.关系副词where关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语.
与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语.
另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后定语从句.
一份整天坐办公桌前的工作.
非限制性定语从句意义:
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,
3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
whom指人注意:关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替,可省略.
如果在从句中做宾语,就用“whom”或“who”.
which 、that 通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语,表所有.
“whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替:
that指人时相当于“who”或者“whom”;指物时,相当于“which”当前头有序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”.
在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.
when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用.
介词和关系代词1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略.
2)“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语,且可以省略.例如:
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.“which”不可省略.
(2)Tomorrow I will bring here 用,如:look for, look after, take care of等.
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T=正确)
F This is the watch for which I am looking.(F=错误)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用“whom”,不可用“who”或者“that”;指物时用“which”,不能用“that”;关系代词是所有格时用“whose”
(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
The man famous.
(2)I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.关系代词关系代词(一般情况下)“that”可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语.
“which”指物,在从句句中作主语;
“whom”在从句中作宾语;
有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替.
例:A doctor who looks after people's health.
主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词判断介词和关系代词方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
判断改错:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错) I will nr forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(对) I'll nr forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
,解析: 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(“where”地点状语,“when”时间状语,“why”原因状语).
编辑本段关系词的选择只用that不用which1)当先行词是或被序数词,,不定代词修饰时,关系词用that不用which.
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that不用which.
4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.
5)当先行词是形容词或被形容词修饰时 只能用that只用who不用that1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that.
2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.只用which不用that1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.This the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定语从句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.Beijing,which was China‘s capital for more than 800years.
4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5)先行词本身是that时.注意1)there be句型中,指人用who指物用that.2)当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one.
2)当出现先行词+介词时,关系词只能用whom或which
编辑本段先行词和关系词1)Whor spits in public will be punished here.(“Whor”可以用“anyone who”代替)
2)The parents will use what they he to send their son to technical school. (“what”可以用“all that”代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句.因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有.将“Whor”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”.An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. itB. thatC. whichD. he
C.
此为非限定性从句,不能用“that”修饰,而用“which”、“it”和“he”都使后句成为句子,两个的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选“he”句意不通.
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
B
英语语法上行不通.
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prnted me from going to the park.
A. thatB. whichC. asD. it
B
“as”和“which”在非限宾语.但不同之处主要有两点:
(1)importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质.这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词.值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”.
(2)动词短语先行成分.
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替.“do”可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替.
(3)句子作先行成分.
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句.有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事.
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置.
由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容质的which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.
2. 动词词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊.
3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定“s”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等.
4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义.“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词.如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
1). “Which”作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略.
2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.
3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语.如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could nr be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装.
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用“which”而不用“as”.如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
5."as"用法:
a."such.as"
He is not such a fool as he looks.
I he nr heard such a story as he ls.
b."the same .as"
This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分"the same...as"与"the same.that":两者都定语从句.that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个.as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个.举例:①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支.②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样.)
c."as...as"
As many children as came were given some cakes.
2)."as"非限制性定语从句
常用句式:as is said above 综上所述
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 通常如此
as is reported in the news 如报纸所的
6. “which”在特殊从定法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在非限定性定语从句时.
(b)介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2)只能用“that”作为定语如“last,just”修饰时,只用“that”.
(d)先行词为序数词、数容词,又有物时.
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时,“that”可作关系副词,也可省略.
(h)主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时,避免重复要用“that”.
举例:
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的书吗?
Who that break the window should be punished.
谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的rything that he had stolen to the pol.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.
定语从句只能“that”的情况:
1、先行词是或被修饰.
This is the most interesting book that l he r read.
2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰.
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行词是不定代词时,如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、soming"
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行词既有人又有物时
Can yoemember the scientist and his theory that we he learned?
5、先行词被only”、“the ry”、“no”、“one of”等修饰
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用"that"
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、“there be”句型中
8、先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”
“that”在作宾语时可省略.
(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系.
(1)The planeis clear. 同位语从句
2、定语从句由关系代for a.
(3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.
(4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.
[定语从句]介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系副词不能省略.
2)“that”前不能有介词.
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换.例如:
Thi2、定语从句:从句做了定语修饰先行词,名词或代词。因为英语中没有这样的单词有这样的意思s is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do yoemember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do yoemember the day when you joined our club?
主语从句语法详解
1.____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we he.在英语中,主语从句是非常重要的一个语法知识,主语从句涉及的知识也非常多,需要我们耐心去理解,要不然容易混淆。下面是我给大家带来的英语语法主语从句_主语从句语法详解,以供大家参考,我们一起来看看吧!
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.▼ 主语从句的概念与类型
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,主语从句的词有从属连词that, wher以及连接代词who, what,which, whor, whatr, whichr和连接副词when, where, why, how等.
例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她当选了使我们很高兴.
What caused the accident is a completemystery.
是什么导致了这次还完全是一个谜.
Wher she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是一个问题.
Which team will win the match is stillunknown.
哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.
Whor comes to the party will receive apresent.
参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.
When they will start has not been decidedyet.
他们何时出发还没决定.
注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使 句子 结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.
例如:
It is a pity that she has made such amistake.
她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
It depends on the climate wher they aregoing shopping today.
他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1)It is + adj. / n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……
It is sible that...很可能……
It is unlikely that...不可能……
2)It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
3)It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is known to all that...众所周知……
It is reported that...据……
It is belid that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that...有人建议……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It has been proved that...已证明…….
例如:
It is belid that at least a score ofbuildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或毁掉.
It is suggested that the meeting should beput off.
有人建议会议延期召开.
It's reported that three people were killedin the accident and five were hurt badly.
据,中三人丧生,五人重伤.
It is known to all that Taiwan is aninseparable part of China.
众所周知,是不可分割的一部分.
▼ 主语从句的语法
<例句>
It's certain that prs will go up.
物价肯定要上涨的。
<语法分析>
主语从句可以由that,此外还可由连接代词或连接副词,关系代词what或whatr也可主语从句。由that的主语从句是用的最多的一种主语从句,有时为了强调,可以把从句放在句首,而绝大部分主语从句则借助先行主语放到句子后部去。
<触类旁通>
(1)That she hasn't phoned is odd.
她没有来电话很奇怪。
语法分析:that的主语从句。
(2)That he was chosen made a tremendous stir in his village.
他被选中在他村子里引起很大轰动。
语法分析:有时为了强调或谓语较长时,可以把从句放在句首。
(3)It is natural that they should he different views.
他们有不同观点是很自然的。
语法分析:it+be+形容词或名词+that从句。
(4)It happened that he wasn't in that day.
恰巧他那天不在。
语法分析:it+动词+that从句。
(5)It's doubtful wher we'll be able to come.
我们是否能来还是个疑问。
语法分析:连接代词或连接副词可主语从句。
(6)What will be,will be.
该发生的事,总会发生。
语法分析:关系代词型what也可主语从句。
<巩固练习>
(1)______ he is still alive is a consolation.
(2)It's strange ______ she knows nothing about it.
(3)It may be ______ you'll prove yourself the most suitable.
(4)______ is to be sent there hasn't been decided.
(5)It was clear enough ______ she meant.
(6)______ is over is over.
(7)______ he says goes.
(8)______ she saw made her tremble.
<参>
(1)That (2)that (3)that (4)What (5)what (6)What (7)Whatr (8)What
▼ 主语从句的注意问题
what既有主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/rything that...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.
例如:
What is done can't be undone.
( 谚语 )已成定局,无可挽回.
What we can't get seems better than what wehe.
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好. That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serioussituation is important.
我们应该制定一项来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.
That a new teacher will come to teach usgeography is true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
▼ 主语从句的语气
在It is necessary / natural/ important / strange...+ that-clause
这类句型里,that所的主语从句中谓语动词用"should+原形",表虚似语气.
例如:
It is necessary that the problem should besettled at once.
这个问题必须马上解决.
It's strange that he should he gone awaywithout ling us.
他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.
巩固练习
15. It isnecessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. s B.should C. ed D. will
四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志,但不同的是:①前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.②强调句型译为汉语时可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.
请比较下面两个句子:
It is surprising that Mary should he wonfirst place.
令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了名. It is Mary that has won first place.
正是玛莉得了名.
句话中的It是形式主语,that的是主语从句.句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立.
第二句是强调句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.
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★ 高考英语名词性从句语法知识点讲解 var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = ""; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();
英语从句的讲解!要详细的!
至于3 ._____many people in south china 中不缺成分 所以用that that不表示成分英语的宾语从句
宾语从句,就是在句中充当宾语成份的从句。英语的宾语主要有两类:一是及物动词后的宾语,另一类是介词后的宾语。宾语从句的关联词有that,what,wher等。宾语从句的结构主要有以下几种情况:
1. 作谓语动词的宾语
宾语从句直接跟在谓语动词的后面,这类宾语从句最为常见。例如:
I heard that be joined the army.
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder wher you can change this note for me.
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 由 it 作为先行词的宾语结构
在一些句子中,先由it作为宾语,紧跟在动词后面,而宾语从句则接在it后面。这种情况,称it为形式宾语,从句则为真正的宾语从句。例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month.
4. 特殊的否定的形式
如果主句的谓语动词是 think, consider, wupe, beli, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句如果包含否定意义,这是,一般要在主句进行否定,而宾语从句仍然用肯定句式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
根据英语从句在句子中的句法作用,从句可分为三类:名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句。通过对从句的各种词进行观察,我们不难发现,有的从句可以直接从词的形式和意义上来区分。如:Though the old man is over snty, he still sees well and hears well. 我们一读此句,就可以认定,由Though的从句是一个让步状语从句。因为though只能让步状语从句,不能其它从句,但是有些词却能多种从句。如词when:既可以时间状语从句又可以定语从句,还可以名词性从句。此外,象that,where等,三类从句均可;who既可定语从句,又可名词性从句;so that 即可目的状语从句,又可结果状语从句……因此,这些形同义不同的词给我们理解、掌握、运用各种从句带来了很大困难。另外,搞不清楚从句在句子中所起的作用,就不能正确理解原文。那么,怎样正确区分各种形同义不同的词的从句呢?
1、 分析thief→this, wife→wives, wolf→wolves;句子结构以区虽从句的种类
遇到一个复合句,首先要分析其句子结构,看从句在整个句子中起什么作用,那么它就是什么从句。
2、 分析词的句法作用以区别从句的种类
that这个词即是同位语从句,又可定语从句,这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似,如何区分呢?
区分that的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是,看that在从句中是否充当句子成分,若that在从句中不充当任何成分,则为同位语从句;若that在从句中充当主语或宾语,则为定语从句。
3、 根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类
定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词,如:the film;the student;the book;a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词,如fact、idea、promise、truth等,用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。
4、 根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类
宾语从句分两种:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的,所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。
5、 根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类
如so that即可目的状语从句,又可结果状语从句,如何区分呢?主要从以下两点来区分。
①根据上下文意义判断。“以便……”表示目的,是目的状语从句,“以致于……”,“结果……”表示结果,是结果状语从句。
②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号,为结果状语从句,反之,则为目的状语从句。有时,so that前无逗号,这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词,如果有,则多是目的状语从句,若没有,则多是结果状语从句。
让步状语从句和名词性从句。。。不很懂呀
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用于在从句中做主语不知道你是初中生,还是高中生,下面的资料几乎全面讲述了可数名词和不可数名词,如果是高中生,相信会收获颇丰的,如果是初中生,就适当选择阅读。
典型例题名词是表示人或物的名称的词,可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词由表示某一类人或物的个体的个体名词、表示由若干个体组成的体的集体名词、表示无法分为个体的实物的物质名词、以及表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词组成;专有名词则是个人、地方、机构、组织等所专有的名称。
1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)
从词的形式来看,英语名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数与不可数是英语名词的最基本类别。一般说来,个体名词是可数名词;物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词则有的可数, 有的不可数。
1.1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)
a. 可数名词有单、复数形式,单数形式可用a/ an; 不可数名词没有复数形式,单数形式前不用a/ an,但可用the或不用。例如:
Tom is a little boy.
There are 20 boys in our class.
Fish and poultry are usually not called meat.
I'll pay for the meat.
b. 名词的数影响句子中与之有关的谓语动词、限定词等。例如:
There are many/ some/ a lot of/ (a) few people in the park.
There is much/ some/ a lot of/ (a) little/ a great deal of/ a fair
amount of water.
There is not much/ any water.
c. 下列名词常用作不可数名词:
accommodation, a, baggage, behior, bread, cash, cloth,clothing, coal, equipment, fun, furniture, grass, harm, rmation, ink, knowledge, labour, laughter, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery, meat, money, news, , permission,
popularity, progress, r, scenery, soap, sugar, tea, traffic, trel, trouble, tder, weather, work等。
1.1.2 可数名词与不可数名词之间的相互转化(Conversion of uncountable into countable and countable into uncountable) 可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以相互转化。
a. 物质名词一般是不可数的,但用来表示具体、个别事物,或表示各种不同品种时,通常是可数的,如different coffees,
various soaps。再看以下例子:
Do you care for tea?
Long-jing is a well-known tea.
We were not allowed to buy wine at lunch time.
I like wines.
b. 抽象名词一般是不可数的,但当它前后有修饰语表示"某一种"或"某一方面"的抽象概念时,其前可加a/ an。例如:
A good map would be a .
It was a relief to sit down.
He had a good knowledge of mathematics.
c. 某些物质名词或抽象名词用作复数时,词义往往起变化。例如:
Light(光)trels faster than sound.
The lights(灯)are on.
He is a teacher of five years' experience(经验).
He is relating to us his experiences(经历)as an explorer.
d. 有些集体名词,如audience, committee, class, couple, crew,
family, team, government, jury, party, public等,既可作单数,
又可作复数。把集体视为一个整体时,用作单数;指该集体
的各个成员时,用作复数。例如:
The audience is enormous.
The audience are enjoying ry minute of the play.
His family is all.
My family are all doctors.
1.2 复数(Plural)
1.2.1 英语名词的复数构成(Formation of the plural of English nouns)
a. 英语可数名词的规则复数形式,是在词尾加-s。例如:
desks, maps, lakes, workers, fields, days, miles, pages, horses
b. 如词尾为ch, sh, ss或x,在词尾加-es。例如:
church→churches, bush→bushes, class→classes, box→boxes
c. 如词尾为-f或-fe,一般变为-ves; 有的加-s即可;而有的
则既可变为-ves,又可只加-s。例如:
calf→calves, half→halves, knife→knives, leaf→lees,
life→lives, loaf→loes, self→selves, shelf→shelves,
belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, roof→roofs, safe→safes,
handkerchief→handkerchiefs;
hoof→hooves/ hoofs, scarf→scarves/ scarfs,
wharf→wharves/ wharfs
d. 如词尾为-y,则变y为i,再加-es。例如:
party→parties, factory→factories, family→families
e. 如词尾为o,有的加-es;有的加-s;有的则既可加-es,又可只加-s。例如:
echo→echoes, →es, potato→potatoes,
tomato→tomatoes;
radio→radios, piano→pianos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos;
buffalo→buffalo(e)s, cargo→cargo(e)s, mosquito→mosquito(e)s,
volcano→volcano(e)s
f. 表示字母、数字及其它词类的复数时,词尾常加-'s,有时只加-s。例如:
Her J's look like T's.
Since the beginning of the 90's, the town has changed a lot.
Don't interrupt me with your buts.
g. 一些不规则变化的名词复数形式:
child→children, foot→feet, goose→geese, man→men,mouse→m, ox→oxen, tooth→te, woman→women
h. 有些以-s结尾的名词通常只有复数形式:
scissors, goods, trousers, clothes, pants, spectacles;belongings, findings, sings, surroundings;contents, mumps, measles, stairs
i. 有些集体名词用作复数:
cattle, pol, people, militia, poultry
1.2.2 源自希腊文或拉丁文的外来词(Words of Greek or Latin origin)
一些外来词有以下的复数变化形式:
a. 词尾-is变成-es: ysis→yses, basis→bases,crisis→crises
b. 词尾-um变成-a:
curriculum(课程)→curricula, datum(资料,数据)→data, medium(媒体)→media
c. 词尾-on变成-a:
criterion(标准)→criteria/ criterions , phenomenon→phenomena
d. 词尾-us变成-i:
nucleus→nuclei, stimulus→stimuli, syllabus(教学大纲)→syllabi
e. 词尾-a变成-ae:
antenna(天线)→antennae/ antennas,
formula(准则,公式)→formulae
f. 词尾-ix/ -ex变成-s:
appendix(附录)→appends, index(索引)→inds/ indexes
1.2.3 具有两种不同意义的复数形式(Two forms of the plural with
differentiated meaning)
有些名词的复数具有两种不同意思,一个与单数的意思相同,另一个则为别的意思。例如:
arms手臂(复数);武器
customs习惯(复数);关税
minutes 分钟(复数);记录
1.2.4 单数形式(Singular form)
a. 有的名词单复数同形:
Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, means, series, species,以及jin
(斤)、li(里)、yuan(元)等汉语译名。例如:
b. 有些以-s结尾的学科名词或国名,作单数用:
phonetics(语音学),physics,optics(光学),politics;
the United States, the United Nations, the Nerlands等。
c. 有些和数词连用的名词,表示复数时仍保持单数形式:
a ten-pound baby, a twelve-foot pole, two dozen eggs,
three million dollars
1.2.5 复合名词(Compound nouns)
a. 句法复合名词的复数形式:
1)词尾加-s: bedrooms, bookcases
2)前后两个名词均需变为复数:
manservant→menservants, woman doctor→women doctors
3)少数复合名词可在或第二个词后加-s:
attorney general→attorneys general/ attorney generals
4)名词后加-s:
looker-on→lookers-on, son-in-law→sons-in-law
5)词尾加-s: grown-up→grown-ups,sit-in→sit-ins
6)动词-ing形式后加-s: coming-in→comings-in
b. 衔头、称谓的复数形式:
the two Browns, Drs.William and Henry Brown
1.3 单位名词(Unit nouns)
单位名词用来表示不可数名词的个体性,即使之能以个数计算;也能与可数名词搭配表示"一双","一群"等意义。除了搭配能力很强的piece和bit以外,还有表示形状、容积、重量以及表示成双、成群的单位名词。例如:
a piece/ bit of a/ bread/ rmation/ news;
a bar of chocolate/ a cake of soap/ a loaf of bread/ a pack of cigarettes;
a bag of flour/ a basket of fruit/ a pound of butter/ a yard of fabric;
a couple of players/ a flock of birds/ a pair of shoes/ a swarm of bees等。
1.4 名词属格(Genitive nouns)
英语名词有两种属格:-'s属格和of-属格。例如:
What is the school's name?
What is the name of the school?
a. 两种属格表示的意义
1)所有关系:
Mr Brown's suitcase (相当于Mr Brown has a suitcase.)
2)主谓关系:
Dr Smith's answer (相当于Dr Smith answered---)
the claim of the buyers (相当于The buyers claimed---)
3)动宾关系:
the boy's punishment (相当于--- punished the boy.)
the occupation of the Island (相当于--- occupied the island.)
4)事物的来源:
the girl's story (相当于a story told by the girl)
the laws of Newton (相当于the laws aanced by Newton)
5)事物的类别:
a doctor's degree (相当于a doctoral degree)
women's magazines (相当于magazines for women)
6)同位关系:
the city of New York (相当于New York is a city.)
the pleasure of meeting you (相当于Meeting you is a pleasure.)
7)其它:
10 days' absence/ an absence of 10 days
(相当于The absence lasted 10 days.)
parts of the problem
(相当于The problem is divisible into parts.)
b. -'s属格的使用:
1)主要用于表示有生命的名词,如women's clothes, the horse's
mouth等。
2)用于机关、社团及一些地理名称,如the government's
plan, Europe's future等。
3)用于交通工具等,如the ship's bell, the car's engine 等。
4)用于表示时间、距离、价值和重量的名词,如a moment's
thought, sn hours' walk, six dollars' worth, two tons' weight
等。
5)常用于一些习惯用语中,如in my mind's eye, in life's
struggle等。
主要用于表示无生命的名词,如the nts of the decade, the
door of the hut等。
d. -'s属格的省略:
-'s属格后的名词有以下情况可以省略:
1)被修饰名词在句中已出现过,例如:
His car is faster than his father's (car).
2)被修饰名词表示某人的家,例如:
The doctor's (house) is on the other side of the street.
3)被修饰名词表示教堂、学校等公共建筑物,例如:
Joe lives near St. Paul's (Cathedral) in London.
4)被修饰名词表示某家店铺,例如:
Pickled vegetables are ailable at the grocer's.
1.4.2 双重属格(Double genitive)
兼有两种属格结构的后置修饰语叫做双重属格。
a. 双重属格用来表示的所有关系是人,不是物。例如:
a/ any friend of mine (=one/ any of my friends)
some daughters of Mrs Green's
(=some of Mrs Green's daughters)
two novels of Dickens' (=two of Dickens' novels)
上面的例子说明,双重属格可用a, any, some 及数词等修饰of
短语前面的名词,但不能用the,如不能说" the daughters of
Mrs Green's"。
b. 双重属格还常用this,that,these 和those 修饰of短语前面的名词, 以表示爱憎褒贬等情感。例如:
this idea of yours
that remark of Did's
these shoes of my sister's
those dirty hands of Peter's
针对此句来讲,是一个主谓宾的结构,eat后跟宾语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,表语从均属于名词性从句的范畴。名词性从句,故用whatr.当然whatr也可状语从句。
名词性从句 知识讲解 whor与who的用法有何区别
There are not many/ any people in the park.它们也都有“谁”的含义, 但能否互相替代呢?请观察下列句子并选择正确选项:(A) ________ lees the room last ought to turn off the light.A. Anyone B. Who C. Whor D. No matter who(B) ________ will give us a talk is unknown to us all.A. Whor B. Who C. Anyone D. No matter who句(A) 的正确选项为C。whor 的含义是:the person who... 或anyone who... [无论(不管)是谁],前者特指,后者泛指。句(A)的意思是:无论谁离间都应该关灯。又如:Whor (Anyone who) breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。Whor (The person who) told you it was lying. 无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。句(B)的正确选项为B。who虽然也可以主语从句,但它常保留本身疑问的含义,即“谁”。句(B)的意思为:对我们大家来说,谁其次,定语从句不是缺少谓语,要看先行词在从句里做什么成分,才能确定关系词的成分。给我们讲话还不知道。又如:Who will go with us has not yet been decided. 谁和我们一起去还没决定。
高中英语语法——从句共有几种类型请分别给出详细讲解
1)."as"限制性定语从句主语从句 (一般句首,it作形式主语),表语从句(系动词后),宾语从句(介词 动词后,it作形式宾语)同位语从句(idea,suggestion,promise等特殊词后,解释说明) -------名词性从句
定语从句(名词关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 代词后 that which who whose 连接) 非限制性定语从句 不能用that
状语从句 指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词),也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 同位语从句
英语从句的讲解和例子
比较:so和 such英语从句分为名词性从句,形容词性从句(定语从句),以及状语从句。例如结果状语从句:He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来。,从句体系包括:,名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句,分类:,从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,是一个特殊句子,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词。,根据从句语能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。,前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称 名词性从句 ;,定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为 形容词性从句 ;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为 副词性从句 。,状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。, 主语从句 (Subject Clause),用作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。, 表语从句 (Predicative Clause),用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的关联词与主语从句的关联词很多都一样。, 宾语从句 (Object Clause),在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。, 同位语从句 ,是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。, 定语从句 ,是由关系代词或关系副词的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。, 状语从句 ,时间状语从句(aerbial clause of time),地点状语从句(aerbial clause of place),原因状语从句(aerbial clause of cause),条件状语从句(aerbial clause of condition),目的状语从句(aerbial clause of pure),让步状语从句(aerbial clause of concession),比较状语从句(aerbial clause of parison),方式状语从句(aerbial clause of manner),结果状语从句(aerbial clause of result),英语八类状语从句的用法归纳,一、概说,状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。,二、 时间状语从句 ,1. 时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。,2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。另外,用于此义的 as 所的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的是 B 而不能是A:,“I’m going to the t off.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”,A. As B. While C. Because D. If,3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:,He waited until she was about to lee. 他等着一直到她准备离开。,I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。,4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediay, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:,I came immediay you called. 你一来电话我就来了。,Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。,The moment I he finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。,5. ry time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,时间状语从句。如:,Next time you e in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。,He didn’t l me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。,By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。,三、 条件状语从句 ,1. 条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:,Don’t e unless I ephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。,If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。,As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力,我们就满意了。,2. in case 也可条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:,In case I fet, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。,四、 让步状语从句 ,1. 让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, howr (=no matter how), n if(即使), wher…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:,The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。,He went out n though it was raining. 尽管下雨,他还是出去了。,2. as 也可让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略 a / an。如:,Teacher as he is, he can’t know rything. 虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。,3. 连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,让步状语从句。如:,While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。,4. whatr, whor, howr, whenr, wherr 等让步状语从句。如:,Don’t lose heart whatr you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。,Whor you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。,注:表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用,但可与 yet, still 连用。,五、 原因状语从句 ,1. 原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:,They can’t he gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。,Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。,Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。,2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可原因状语从句,其意“既然”。如:,I can’t l you when you won't listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。,3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:,(1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。,(2) 当表示直接的因果关系,回答 why 时,或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。,(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。,(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的 so 连用。,六、 地点状语从句 ,地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherr(无论什么地方), rywhere(每个…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。如:,I’m not living where I was. 我不在原处住了。,You can’t camp where [wherr, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。,Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。,2. 有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题:,(1) When yoead the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you he any questions.,A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where,(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.,A. that B. where C. which D. when,(3) You should make it a rule to lee things _____ you can find them again.,A. when B. where C. then D. there,(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.,A. where B. when C. in which D. that,以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以地点状语从句。,七、 目的状语从句 ,1. 目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如:,I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。,Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。,He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。,2. 目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用 so 或 that 来目的状语从句。如:,Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。,Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。,八、 结果状语从句 ,结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如:,He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来。,He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。,注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.急求30道高一名词性从句的题目,要有和解释~~~.....
分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去要视天气而定. wher与if当"是否"讲时的区别是:在宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用wher,而不能用if.A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
解析:本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语,可见两个词都必须充当成分,所以是A。主、宾、表语从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成
2____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
解析:该题是A,what在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中,that不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分):That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved
3____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenr B. If C. Wher D. That
解析:试题中的从句位于句首,不难知道这是一个主语从句,所以是C。但是当宾语或主语从句为否定句时,只能用if,不能用wher。
4____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Wher
是C,that不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。由于该主语从句是否定句,所以不能用wher。
5.No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
解析:由于从句不能倒装,所以只能是A与别的从句一样,名词性从句必须用自然语序,即使在疑问句中,从句也不倒装(而在主句上倒装)。
6.You can’t imagine ____ when they received these n Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
解析:是B。同时还须注意,从句的词必须始终置于句首,而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。
7.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
解析:所需词至于句首,同时后面有that-从句(逻辑主语),可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以是D。think, find, consider, beli, feel等动词后常可以带it作形式宾语.例如:
Many people think it sible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. howr B. whatr C. whichr D. whenr
解析:是B,whatr一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatr不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同时要注意,这里whatr也不能改用no matter what,因为后者只能状语从句。
9____ has ed to se the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whor
解析:是D,whor意为“无论谁”,表泛指。比较下例:
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人)
10.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析:是A,why的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why,而不是when或 where等,的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境。
11.Do yoemember ____ he came?
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that D. if
解析:是A,从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式,所以用how。
12.It was a matter of ____ would take the ition.
A. who B. whor C. whom D. whomr
解析:是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的,是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的词,由于这里词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。
13.Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of (whom) he received higher education at home.
这是一个“介词+关系代词”的定语从句;定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词,同时这个词又作介词of的宾语,所以要用宾格whom。(注意与介词后面的宾语从句的词的用法进行比较和区别。)
14____ you he seen both fighters, ____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whor D. Since; who do you think
解析:根据上面的讲解,不难知道是D。其中do you think是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。
15.China’s success in manned-spacecraft trel shows ____ our country has become o直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。ne of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that;又因宾语从句时that可以省略,所以是C
16Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
17This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时,是定语从句,(2)中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替,所以A 和D都可以。(1)题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。
18
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A.whatr B.no matter what
C.whenr D.no matter when
此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C,D显然是错的,因为句中的wants缺宾语,而C,D两项不能作宾语。至于C,D的区别,可这样描述:no matter what只能状语从句,而不名词性从句。而whatr既可名词性从句(=anything that),也可状语从句(=no matter what):
19I think ____ he needs is more pract.
—Yes. ____ he needs more pract is clear.
A.what, What B.that,That
C.what, That D.that, What
此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that都可以名词性从句,但有区别:
1.what名词从句时,它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等),而that名词从句时,它在从句中不能充当句子成分。
2.what名词从句时,它有词义(表示:什么;所…的[东西]);而that名词从句时,它没有词义。
20.____ we'll go camping tomorrow depenps on the weather.
A.If B.Wher C.That D.When
此题应选B。容易误选A,C。
1.关于if与wher:两者都可宾语从句,常可换用;但若主语从句,则用wher(不用if),排除A。
21.he said at the meeting astonished ryone present.
A.What B.That C.If D.Wher
此题应选A。选项C(if)显然不能选,因为if通常不能主语从句;选项B(that)和D(wher)虽然都可以主语从句,但两者除了意思不合题意外,还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分,而此句中的he said缺宾语。
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
分析: (注:划线的选项为,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.
23._______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
24. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. this D. them
分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.
25.The photographs will show you _______ .
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B
26.
_______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Wher C. That D. Where
27.
What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. wher D. why
分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.wher的是表语从句.
28: It worried her a bit _______ her
A. while B. that C. if D. for
分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that的是主语从句。wher, if以及that的名词性从句的区别是:wher与if(当"是否"讲时)的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。
29She expressed the she would trel in Dalian again.
A.hope it B.wher C.hope D.hope that
是D
30.May I ask you a question we are to get the book needed?
A.what B.which C.where D.if
是C
that名词性从句的用法
A. which B. that C. when D. what说的不错
定语从句 I won't forget the days ( that ) we spent toger. 充当spent 到底宾语,可省 He is the right “why”在从句中修语,先行词通常是“the reason”;man that is always willing to others. 指代the man 作主语
名词性从句
主语从句 That (China is a dloping country is well known.) 不充当成分,不可省
宾语从句 I know ( that ) he is a good student . 不充当成分,可省
简单举例,有问题追问吧
浅谈定语从句与名词性从句的主谓一致
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.浅谈定语从句与名词性从句的主谓一致 主谓一致就是指在英语句子中,主语和谓语在人称和数的方面应保持一致。很多学生对于英语的主谓一致了解不深,对定语从句和
名词性从句的主谓一致了解得更少,因此很容易犯错误。下面就对这一问题进行探讨。
一、定语从句的主谓一致
一般来讲,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。例如:
1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是个不怕困难的人。
2.Don't choose me,who am not qualified for this job.不要选我,我不适合做这项工作。
3.Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my off this afternoon.有问题要问的人,今天下午到我办公室来。
另外,关于定语从句的先行词,one of后常接复数名词,在非正式的英语口语中,有时甚至在一些很正规的文体中,动词的数不是
与先行词保持一致,而是与 one相一致,这是因为说话者或写作者首先想到的是one,而不是one后面真正的先行词。例如:
4.That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years.那本词典是近几年来所见到的最有价值的词典之一。
5.Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals thatis noted for its busy harbor.布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的首都。
第5句中的is不能改成are。这点很好理解,因为用are就意味着世界上所有的首都都以海港热闹而出名,这是不符合实际的。
当one前面有the only等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词也要与 one保持一致而取单数形式。例如:
6.He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.他是那些工人中能做此工作的人。
二、名词性从句的主谓一致
主语是名词性从句(常用what,whatr,when,where,why ,how,that,wher等放在句首)时,动词通常用单数形式。例如:
1.What I am most interested in is American movies.我最感兴趣的是美国电影。
2.Whatr he says is of no importance.无论他说什么都不重要。
3.Whor says that is wrong.无论谁说这话都不对。
4.That he will come is certain.他肯定会来。
5.Why he is late for class is more than I can l.为什么他上课迟到,我也说不上来。
但在下面的句子中谓语动词要用复数形式,因为主语从句中的动词是复数,所以主语从句应当作复数看待。例如:
6.Who are going to attend the meeting he been decided by the mar.哪些人去参加会议,已由做出了决定。
7.Whor say that are to be punished.谁这样讲,就惩罚谁。
由此可见,名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是复数,不可一概而论,而要视句子的意义而定。学习时只有灵活处理,才能真正把主谓一致这个语法项目融会贯通。
限制与非限制定语从句讲解
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例 1. Do yoemember the girl who taught us English?
你还记得教我们英语的.那个女孩吗?
例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can l people time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.
这就是他过去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.
张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were hing market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。
析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her huand, which frightened me very much.
一个中年女子了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 定语从句。
例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。
析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 非限制性定语从句。
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
(一) that 不可用于非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。
例 1. 他送给一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。
误: He ge his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.
正: He ge his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
例 2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。
误: He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.
正: He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me.
值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who , which 或 whose 非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when , where 非限制性定语从句。
例 1. We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。
例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
(二)关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。
例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
析:先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom .
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。
析:先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom .
在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。
误: She has a sister, that is a teacher.
正: She has a sister, who is teacher.
(三)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书。
析:先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。
析:先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省。
[实战演练]
1. She heard a terrible noise, _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. He yo been to Xi'an, _________ I left ten years ago.
A. which B. whose C. that D. /
3. The wone sheep/ two sheepeather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. His English, ________ used to be very poor is now excellent.
A. which B. that C. it D . whom
5. Some of the roads were flooded, __________ makes o
ur journey more difficult.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
6. I'll find a n girl, _________ I want to marry.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
7. I'll come at ten, ________ I'll be free.
8. She has two brothers, _________ are teachers.
A. who B. that C. whom D. /
9. Which answer is NOT true?
This is the factory ________ I visited yesterday.
A. that B. which C. / D. where
10. I still remember the days _________ I spent in Beijing.
A. when B. what C. that D. during
:
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
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